Should The United States Government Offer Incentives For

Should the United States Government offer incentives for organ donation? Many suggest that offering incentives or some form of monetary reimbursement for organs is likely to increase the quantity of organ donors and make the entire process easier for both donors and recipients. The severe organ shortage has generated such desperation that people all over the world have begun to resort to unethical practices to obtain the priceless organs. Most donated organs and tissues are from people who have died. However, a living person can donate some organs as well as stem cells, blood, and platelets. The amount of people in the U.S. that are not able to donate organs is minimal. People with certain medical conditions are not able to donate†¦show more content†¦The patients removed from the list are not included in this figure. Most die waiting for organs that living donors could have supplied. A number of patients are never even added to the waiting list because their doctor believes their chances of receiving an organ are just too low. (Tabarrok) A recent survey commissioned by the U.S. government found that payments would make 19% of people more likely (and 9% of people less likely) to donate the organs of a deceased relative. Another study performed by the University of Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia VA Medical Center found that payments would draw more participants without relying disproportionately on poor people. Responses showed that payments increased the number of participants who said they would give a kidney to a stranger; those increases were similar for those with high and low incomes. The study reported that participants’ willingness to give increased significantly as health risks to donors diminished, when payments rose, and if the recipient and donor were related. Organ transplant surgery is extremely expensive. The cost of the organ itself is paid for by the transplant recipient s health insurance policy. Some people who receive transplants have a hard time affording the cost of the transplant or related expenses. The initial testing that is required for a patient to be placed on the waiting list for a transplant can cost over $10,000. The cost of the transplantShow MoreRelatedClimate Change Regulation Paper1090 Words   |  5 Pagesto discuss government regulation of climate change as well to explain various viewpoints on climate change, and explain and justify, briefly, my viewpoint on the issue of climate change.  This paper will also describe command and control regulations versus incentive based regulations, and provide the advantages and disadvantages of each. 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Internet Security and Ethical Uses of Technology in The...

Internet security and ethical use of technology in the classroom is vital to a student’s academic success. Internet security ensures that the technologies used in the classroom stay operationally problem free as well as keeps students safe from internet predators. Ethical guidelines ensure proper appropriate use of technology that does not violate school rules or laws put in place by the federal and state governments. There are several reasons why internet security is vital to the classroom. The most important reason is to maintain a fully functional operational system free of problems like slow running computer programs and hard drive damage caused by computer program viruses. Students often unknowingly download these†¦show more content†¦The best feature that I find on the antivirus program is the ability to set the computer downloading controls in a way that will block specific sites and keep my students off of harmful internet spaces that are commonly known as hot spots for un-ethical means of use. Unfortunately internet predators are finding new ways to reach our children through utilizing popular file sharing peer-to-peer networks purposely and maliciously exposing them to un-ethical information daily. A great example of this malicious intent is pointed out by an organization called Stop Child Predators (2010) written in their news article stating, â€Å"Peer-to-peer applications can be used as vehicles for the distribution of illegal child pornography that is often deliberately labeled with seemingly benign titles that appeal to children. 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Concept of Compliance

Questions: 1. Provide a report outlining how the change introduced will affect your chosencompany 2. Illustrate your analysis with calculations where required 3. Draft an action plan for the future of the company on the factors that will lead to overall benefit to the company 4. Provide consideration of professional ethics to your action plan 5. Outline strength and weaknesses of your report. Answers: Introduction Cadbury is a London based confectionery company which is wholly owned by American company called Mondelez International which was earlier known as Kraft foods. It is named as the second largest confectionery brand of the world after Wrisleys. it operates in more than 50 countries worldwide. The most famous products of Cadbury are dairy milk chocolate, the crme egg and also the roses selection box along with various other confectionery products. It is one of the best known British brands, in the year 2013 The Telegraph named Cadbury among Britains most successful exports. Cadbury was established in England in 1824 by john Cadbury who used to sell tea, coffee and drinking chocolate. It was granted the first royal warrant from Queen Victoria in 1854. It has also been a holder of a Royal Warrant from Elizabeth II since the year 1955. The dairy milk chocolate which was introduced in 1905 used a higher proportion of milk in the recipe as compared to that of the products of the rival groups . By the year 1914, it was the companys best selling product. Cadbury was one of the three biggest British confectionery manufacturers in the nineteenth and the twentieth centurys. It now is a subsidiary of Mondelez International which was earlier known as Kraft Foods Inc. Why change of Tax rule is needed The company is a United Kingdom based company and so is governed by the United Kingdom laws. Since the company has been expanding its business regularly, its major expansion plans will highly be affected by the higher taxes to be paid. The company as per the income taxation rules of the United Kingdom is required to pay a flat tax rate of 20% on its net income. The company is a resident of United Kingdom as per the basis rules of the Income Tax Act of United Kingdom. Since the company is incorporated in United Kingdom, has its place of business in United Kingdom, the management and control is in United Kingdom, the decision making authority is the United Kingdom residents i.e. the decision making body consists of shareholders who are residents of United Kingdom, thus the company is a resident of United Kingdom (Christian, 2013). The rate of corporation taxation for the financial year 2014 was 20% which was same as that of the last year. Corporation tax is the tax which is levied in United Kingdom on the profits earned by the companies and also the profits earned by the permanent establishments of the non UK resident companies and associations. Corporation tax is the fourth largest source of government revenue for the United Kingdom. Before the introduction of taxs enactment, both the companies and the individuals had to pay the same rate of tax. There exists slab rate for corporations also. For the year 2014 the tax rate for incomes above 300,000 has been reduced to 21 % from that of 23% from the year 2013. Also for the year 2015 this rate of tax shall be reduced to 20%. If the profits are 300,000 or less then the companies shall be liable to pay a flat rate of 20% in all the cases. If the company had profits between 300,000 and 1.5 million before 1 April 2015, then it may be able toclaim Marginal Reliefto reduce its Corporation Tax. If the company earns an average of 10% net profit before tax then: Particulars Financial Year 2014 Financial Year 2013 Turnover (a) $ 34,244 million $ 35,299 million Net Profit in %(b) 10% 10% Net Profit c = ( a * b ) $ 3,424million $ 3,529 million Tax rate (d) 20% 20% Tax ( c * d ) $ 684 million $ 704 million Analysis From a perusal of the above, this can easily be identified that though the company has decreased its turnover and keeping the margin of its sales as before, but the company is being able to generate more of the cash in hand. Apparently, it can be understood that the company will have $ 105 million (3529-3524) of the cash shortage in its hand which can now not be used for capitalization purpose. If the company uses the same amount for capitalization, it will not have to take loan of this amount from the market; hence the interest on loan will not be required to be paid. The savings in interest on loan will be helpful for generating more income of the company. The Government is planning to reduce interest rates in the coming financial years which will have lesser tax burden on the company. The only tax which is imposed on the company other than the income tax is GST i.e. Goods and Service tax. Since, the company is selling products that are perishable in nature; the consumers of these goods are required to pay Goods and service tax on the product purchased from therein (Sadiq et. al, 2014). But the Government of United Kingdom, however has even lower the income tax burden of the individuals also which would result in more of the cash in hand of the individuals and they would be able spend much than before (Moffett et. al, 2011). Since the demand for chocolates and other similar products are never going to decline, the company should take effort in putting in more innovative ideas so that, new products can be launched in the market according to customer needs. Cadbury has become a brand and in order to maintain its image, it needs to continue its dedicated work towards its customers. Also it can make use of various incentives provided by the government from time to time. The company in order to expand its business may also start selling these products which would increase its turnover and would help in the growth of the business (Sadiq et. al, 2014). Since managing taxation rules on United Kingdom basis would be a difficult task for the accounts of the company to handle, it should employ more professionals to make it more organized one (Christian, 2008). The company has seen its increasing trend in terms of outlets, delivery service, and customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction is the major reason behind any fast food retail chain outlets to expand. The company has been delivering exceptional client service in terms of providing the best quality chocolates and at the reasonable price which can be easily afforded by any customer which belongs to all sections of the society. Chocolates are such food item which is loved by all. Whether it is a small kid or a school or a college going student or it is family person or an aged person, the demand for the same if the quality is kept intact matching with the price of the product, the demand for the same is never going to fall (Christian, 2008). If the company goes wrong in providing the quality of the food it is serving to its customers, the brand name of the company would hardly require a minute to fall and the business of the company can be closed down immediately. Action Plan The company should also be regular in depositing the taxes on time. The last day of payment of corporation tax is normally 9 months and 1 day after the end of the accounting period of the company, for example, if the financial year of a company ends on 31st December 2014, then the last day of payment of tax shall be 1st October 2015. If a company fails in depositing the right amount of taxes on time it may lead to penalty and prosecution. The company may have to face various kinds of litigations due to non - payment of income taxes on time. The directors of the company and the officers of the company will then have to be answerable to its shareholders providing them the reasons for which the taxes were not paid and the company had to face litigations (Pratt Kulsrud, 2013). Since the company has an annual turnover of more than $ 20 million, the company would require filing a monthly business activity statement (Saunders, 2015). The company would be required to deposit the Goods and S ervice tax collected from its customers after adjusting the credits (credits would be the amount the company has paid as goods and service tax while purchasing the goods and services for the delivery of the goods it has made for its customers) on a monthly basis in the account of the Government by 21st day of the following month for which the Business activity statement has been submitted by the company (Nethercott et. al, 2013). For example: if the company submits the business activity statement for the month of March 2016, the company would be required to deposit the net of Goods and service tax to the account of government by 21st day of the following month that is to say 21st of April, 2016. Net of goods and service tax means the goods and service tax collected by the consumers of the product reduced by the amount of goods and service taxes the company has paid while purchasing the products for delivering the final product (Saunders, 2015). The company gets a benefit herein. The company is not required to again pay the amount of goods and service tax it has already paid before. Hence, double taxation is thus avoided. However, these two dates from a taxation perspective is highly important from a company point of view: 30th June of a financial year which is the last date for depositing the income tax of the company and 21st Day of each month which is the last date for depositing the net amount of goods and service tax of the company. The company needs to file its income tax return by 31st of October after the end of the fiscal year (Moffett et. al, 2011). That is to say if the fiscal year of the company is 1st of July, 2015 to 30th of June, 2016, it will have to submit its income tax return by 31st of October, 2016. Ethical Issue Since the company has outlets of more than 160 stores, it must ensure timely consolidation of the accounts, so that the correct figure could be arrived. There should be online systems of accounts through which on a daily basis the store wise entries could be done. Entries done on a regular basis would ensure proper and accurate computation of taxes (UK Corporate Tax, 2013). One more benefit the company is enjoying in terms of accounting and taxation is that since it is in the business of perishable products, there would be no chances of goods once sold returning back by the customers. So no back dated entries would fall in the system and thus would help in timely consolidation of data by the company (Bair, 2005). The company must also ensure that the entries on the last day of the fiscal year must get updated on an hourly basis and by anticipating a particular amount of sales for that day, the income tax should be deposited within the close of the day on 30th June of each fiscal year . Further, the company must be hiring highly qualified professionals to deal with all these taxation matters so that there are no chances of any due dates getting missed (Nethercott et. al, 2013). Strengths and Weaknesses All the important dates which are important from taxation point of view has been covered. The impact of expansion plans of the company from taxation point of view has also been covered along with the figures as examples. This clearly indicates that the company has strived to produce better result through the compliance mechanism (Nethercott et. al, 2013). The tax consultant has played a vital role in shaping the tax structure of the company. However, the important forms which are required to be submitted could have also been brief so that the company could have a comfort in it. This updation can be done by the company so that it fetches a better result and help the company in better course of activity. Conclusion However, the Government is proposing to change the Goods and service tax rate to 15% from 10% which would mean the cost of a processing of chocolates going up by 5% on the amount which is now. That may not have a bad impact on the sales of the company as all the competitors would also require raising the price of the product. The company at present is keeping a margin of 30% on the turnover of the product, it may think of making a hike in the margin, but at the same time it must ensure that the manner in which it has maintained its quality right now, it must maintain its standards (Forbes, 2005). Thereby it is imperative that the tax consultant must adhere to the rules and responsibilities and helps in providing stability to the company. Overall, the entire mechanism stress upon the concept of compliance. References Bair, J 2005, Global Capitalism and Commodity Chains: Looking Back, Going Forward. Competition and Change, vol.9, no. 2, pp. 153-180 Bryman, A 2001, Social Research Methods, Oxford: OUP Oxford Christian, A 2008, Death and taxes: The true toll of tax dodging, Oxford Press. Christian, A 2013, Who pays the price? Hunger: the hidden cost of tax injustice, Mosby-Year Book. Forbes, S 2005, Flat Tax Revolution, Regnery Publishing. Moffett, M. Stonehill, A. and Eiteman, D 2011, Fundamentals of Multinational Finance, Oxford Press Pratt, J.W Kulsrud, W. N 2013, Federal Taxation, Oxford university press. Sadiq, K., Coleman, C., Hanegbi, R., Jogarajan,S., Krever, R.,Obst, W., Ting, A 2014, Principles of Taxation Law, Sydney.